Journal: Journal of Virology

Article Title: Mosaic H5 Hemagglutinin Provides Broad Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses against Influenza Viruses

doi: 10.1128/jvi.00730-16

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 1 Vaccinated mice were injected with combination of anti-CD4+ and CD8+ mAbs, then 631

Article Snippet: On days 168 38 and 41 post priming, immunized mice were treated IP with a combination of 50 μg of anti-169 CD4 mAb (clone GK1.5, Rat IgG2b) and 125 μg of anti-CD8a mAb (clone 2.43, Rat IgG2b) 170 (Bio X Cell, NH, USA).

Techniques: Injection

Journal: Obesity Science & Practice

Article Title: Excess sucrose intake during pregnancy programs fetal brain glucocorticoid receptor expression in female but not male C57Bl/6J mice

doi: 10.1002/osp4.506

Figure Lengend Snippet: Overnutrition during pregnancy was associated with lower glucocorticoid receptor and higher Pomc/Acth transcript expression in the female fetal brain. Nr3c1 (gene transcript for the glucocorticoid receptor) and Pomc (gene transcript for both proopiomelanocortin and adrenocorticotropin hormones) were measured in embryonic day (E) 18.5 male and females exposed to dams on control (CON) and high‐fat‐high‐sucrose (HFHS) diets during gestation. E18.5 HFHS females had 46% lower Nr3c1 (Panel A, p = 0.03) and 2‐folds higher Pomc (Panel B, p = 0.03) mRNA expression in the brain compared with CON females. Nr3c1 and Pomc mRNA expression showed a strong inverse relationship (Panel C, p = 0.004). Diet, not sex, effected Nr3c1 mRNA expression (Panel A, diet effect p = 0.04). Diet had more of an effect on Pomc mRNA expression in females compared with males (Panel B, diet effect p = 0.04, interaction between diet/sex p = 0.03). Panel A & B: Results are expressed as mean ± SEM; open bars are E18.5 offspring born to dams on control diet; closed bars are E18.5 offspring born to dams on HFHS diet; Two‐way ANOVA followed by post‐hoc Tukey's HSD, n = 6–8/group, values obtained at E18.5. versus mice born to dams consuming same diet (diet effect), versus male mice born to dams consuming different diets (sex effect), differences between CON and HFHS exposed female offspring were significant (* p = 0.03 in Panel A and * p = 0.02 Panel B). Panel C: results expressed as correlation coefficient (r) and linear regression ( R 2 ). p‐ Values >0.1 recorded as nonsignificant (NS)

Article Snippet: The HFHS diet consisted of both, a HFHS pellet (Western Diet D12079B; Research Diets, 40.0 kcal% fat, 17.0 kcal% protein, 43.0 kcal% carbohydrate, 340 g/kg sucrose) and 20% sucrose solution supplemented with vitamins (AIN Vitamin Mixture; MP Biomedicals) and minerals (AIN‐93M Mineral Mix; MP Biomedicals) as previously described.

Techniques: Expressing

Journal: Obesity Science & Practice

Article Title: Excess sucrose intake during pregnancy programs fetal brain glucocorticoid receptor expression in female but not male C57Bl/6J mice

doi: 10.1002/osp4.506

Figure Lengend Snippet: Overnutrition during pregnancy was associated with lower Abca1 and 11β‐hsd1 but not 11β‐hsd2 transcript expression in the placenta. Abca1 (gene transcript for placental cholesterol transport) and 11β‐hsd1 ( gene transcript for enzyme which activates corticosterone ), and 11β‐hsd2 (gene transcript for enzyme which inactivates corticosterone) were measured in embryonic day (E) 18.5 placentas from dams on control (CON) and high‐fat‐high‐sucrose (HFHS) diets during gestation. E18.5 HFHS placentas had 60% lower Abca1 (Panel A, p = 0.05) and 46% lower 11β‐hsd1 (Panel B, p = 0.002) mRNA expression compared with CON. 11β‐hsd1 mRNA expression was 49% lower in HFHS females compared with female CON fetuses ( p = 0.05). There were no significant differences noted between CON and HFHS males on post‐hoc analysis. There were no differences between CON and HFHS placenta Abca1 mRNA expression in male or female subgroups in post‐hoc analysis. There was no significant difference between HFHS and CON placenta in 11β‐hsd2 mRNA expression (Panel C). There was no sex specific effect in mRNA expression of Abca 1 , 11β‐hsd1 , and 11β‐hsd2 between males and female placenta. There was no interaction measured between diet and sex in groups measured. Results are expressed as mean ± SEM; open bars are E18.5 placenta exposed to control diet; closed bars are placenta exposed to HFHS diet; Two‐way ANOVA followed by post‐hoc Tukey's HSD, n = 6–8/group, values obtained at E18.5 versus mice born to dams consuming same diet (diet effect), versus male mice born to dams consuming different diets (sex effect). p ‐Values >0.1 recorded as nonsignificant (NS)

Article Snippet: The HFHS diet consisted of both, a HFHS pellet (Western Diet D12079B; Research Diets, 40.0 kcal% fat, 17.0 kcal% protein, 43.0 kcal% carbohydrate, 340 g/kg sucrose) and 20% sucrose solution supplemented with vitamins (AIN Vitamin Mixture; MP Biomedicals) and minerals (AIN‐93M Mineral Mix; MP Biomedicals) as previously described.

Techniques: Expressing

Journal: Obesity Science & Practice

Article Title: Excess sucrose intake during pregnancy programs fetal brain glucocorticoid receptor expression in female but not male C57Bl/6J mice

doi: 10.1002/osp4.506

Figure Lengend Snippet: Sucrose consumption during pregnancy correlated with glucocorticoid receptor transcript expression in the fetal brain. Consumption of caloric intake was measured throughout pregnancy in dams on control (CON) and high‐fat‐high‐sucrose (HFHS) diets. Nr3c1 (gene transcript for glucocorticoid receptor) mRNA expression was measured in embryonic day 18.5 brains. Dam energy consumption (Panel A, r = −0.59) and sucrose consumption (Panel B, r = −0.61) demonstrated a strong inverse correlation with fetal Nr3c1 mRNA expression in the brain ( p < 0.01). Dam fat consumption (Panel C) was not correlated with fetal Nr3c1 mRNA expression in the brain. The correlation between dam protein consumption and fetal brain Nr3c1 mRNA expression was not measured as dam protein consumption was equal between CON and HFHS dams during gestation. Results are expressed as correlation coefficient (r) and linear regression ( R 2 ), N = 30, p ‐values >0.1 recorded as nonsignificant (NS)

Article Snippet: The HFHS diet consisted of both, a HFHS pellet (Western Diet D12079B; Research Diets, 40.0 kcal% fat, 17.0 kcal% protein, 43.0 kcal% carbohydrate, 340 g/kg sucrose) and 20% sucrose solution supplemented with vitamins (AIN Vitamin Mixture; MP Biomedicals) and minerals (AIN‐93M Mineral Mix; MP Biomedicals) as previously described.

Techniques: Expressing

Journal: Obesity Science & Practice

Article Title: Excess sucrose intake during pregnancy programs fetal brain glucocorticoid receptor expression in female but not male C57Bl/6J mice

doi: 10.1002/osp4.506

Figure Lengend Snippet: Overnutrition during pregnancy was associated with a trend towards lower placenta weight and higher placental efficiency. Placenta and fetal weights were measured in embryonic day (E) 18.5 placentas from dams on control (CON) and high‐fat‐high‐sucrose (HFHS) diets during gestation. Fetal weight/placenta weight ratio (F/P) were used as a surrogate for placental efficiency. E18.5 female placentas had a trend towards lower placental weight (Panel A, p = 0.05) and higher F/P ratio (Panel B, p = 0.00) compared with male placenta. There were no differences in placenta weight or F/P ratio between CON and HFHS placenta. There was no interaction measured between diet and sex in groups measured. Results are expressed as mean ± SEM; open bars are CON E18.5 offspring; closed bars are HFHS E18.5 offspring; Two‐way ANOVA followed by post‐hoc Tukey's HSD, n = 6–8/group, values obtained at E18.5. versus mice born to dams consuming same diet (diet effect), versus male mice born to dams consuming different diets (sex effect). p ‐Values >0.1 recorded as nonsignificant (NS)

Article Snippet: The HFHS diet consisted of both, a HFHS pellet (Western Diet D12079B; Research Diets, 40.0 kcal% fat, 17.0 kcal% protein, 43.0 kcal% carbohydrate, 340 g/kg sucrose) and 20% sucrose solution supplemented with vitamins (AIN Vitamin Mixture; MP Biomedicals) and minerals (AIN‐93M Mineral Mix; MP Biomedicals) as previously described.

Techniques: